Theoretical Reconstruction Research on Data Element Pricing Mechanism in Digital Platform Economy

Abstract

The in-depth development of the digital economy has made the importance of data, a key production factor, increasingly prominent, and quantification of data value and reasonable pricing are core matters in the development of the platform economy. Based on the particularity of the digital platform economy, this paper systematically explores the theoretical basis and practical difficulties of the data element pricing mechanism. The research shows that traditional economic pricing theories have limitations when dealing with data elements, because the characteristics of data such as non-competitiveness, externalities, and network effects make traditional marginal cost pricing difficult to apply. The article also constructs a multi-dimensional framework for assessing the value of data elements, including the intrinsic attribute value of data (accuracy, completeness, timeliness), use value (application potential, innovation space), and social value (privacy protection, data security). Based on these, the study proposes a pricing mechanism theory reconstruction scheme that integrates marginal utility theory, cooperative game theory, and platform bilateral market characteristics. This scheme emphasizes the realization of the differentiated value of data in different scenarios and introduces a data contribution allocation mechanism to handle the value allocation problem involving multiple parties. The case analysis verified the feasibility of the reconstruction theory in practical application and proposed policy recommendations for improving the data property rights system, establishing a data value assessment standard system, constructing a data trading market mechanism, and strengthening supervision and compliance for the development of China's digital platform economy. This study fills the academic gap in the theory of data element pricing and provides practical guidance for the realization of data value in the digital platform economy.